Security and Data Protection Measures

Security and Data Protection Measures

GDPR Article 32 requires appropriate technical and organizational measures to ensure security appropriate to the risk. This includes pseudonymization and encryption of personal data, ensuring ongoing confidentiality, integrity, availability, and resilience of processing systems, ability to restore availability and access to personal data in timely manner after incidents, and regular testing of security measures.

Technical security measures must be implemented at multiple levels. Data encryption should cover both data at rest and in transit. Access controls must follow the principle of least privilege. Audit logging should track all access to personal data. Regular security assessments and penetration testing help identify vulnerabilities.

// Security measures implementation
class GDPRSecurityMeasures {
  constructor() {
    this.encryptionKey = process.env.ENCRYPTION_KEY;
    this.auditLog = new AuditLogger();
  }
  
  // Implement pseudonymization
  pseudonymize(personalData) {
    const pseudonymized = {
      id: this.generatePseudonym(personalData.id),
      data: {}
    };
    
    // Separate identifying from non-identifying data
    const identifiers = ['email', 'name', 'phone', 'address'];
    const pseudonymMap = new Map();
    
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(personalData)) {
      if (identifiers.includes(key)) {
        const pseudonym = this.generatePseudonym(value);
        pseudonymMap.set(pseudonym, this.encrypt(value));
        pseudonymized.data[key] = pseudonym;
      } else {
        pseudonymized.data[key] = value;
      }
    }
    
    // Store mapping securely and separately
    this.storePseudonymMapping(pseudonymized.id, pseudonymMap);
    
    return pseudonymized;
  }
  
  // Implement encryption for sensitive data
  encrypt(data) {
    const algorithm = 'aes-256-gcm';
    const iv = crypto.randomBytes(16);
    const cipher = crypto.createCipheriv(algorithm, Buffer.from(this.encryptionKey, 'hex'), iv);
    
    let encrypted = cipher.update(JSON.stringify(data), 'utf8', 'hex');
    encrypted += cipher.final('hex');
    
    const authTag = cipher.getAuthTag();
    
    return {
      encrypted,
      iv: iv.toString('hex'),
      authTag: authTag.toString('hex'),
      algorithm
    };
  }
  
  // Implement access controls
  async accessControl(userId, resource, action) {
    // Check if user has permission
    const hasPermission = await this.checkPermission(userId, resource, action);
    
    // Log access attempt
    await this.auditLog.log({
      userId,
      resource,
      action,
      granted: hasPermission,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
      ip: this.getClientIP(),
      userAgent: this.getUserAgent()
    });
    
    if (!hasPermission) {
      throw new Error('Access denied');
    }
    
    // Implement time-based access restrictions
    if (this.isOutsideBusinessHours() && !this.isEmergencyAccess(userId)) {
      throw new Error('Access restricted outside business hours');
    }
    
    return true;
  }
  
  // Data breach detection and response
  async detectAndRespondToBreaches() {
    const anomalies = await this.detectAnomalies();
    
    for (const anomaly of anomalies) {
      if (anomaly.severity === 'high') {
        // Immediate response
        await this.isolateAffectedSystems(anomaly);
        await this.notifySecurityTeam(anomaly);
        
        // If confirmed breach
        if (await this.confirmBreach(anomaly)) {
          await this.initiateBbreachResponse(anomaly);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  
  // Breach notification within 72 hours
  async initiateBbreachResponse(breach) {
    const response = {
      detectedAt: breach.timestamp,
      nature: breach.type,
      categoriesOfData: await this.identifyAffectedData(breach),
      approximateNumberOfDataSubjects: await this.countAffectedUsers(breach),
      likelyConsequences: this.assessImpact(breach),
      measuresTaken: await this.getMitigationMeasures(breach)
    };
    
    // Notify supervisory authority within 72 hours
    if (this.requiresNotification(response)) {
      await this.notifySupervisoryAuthority(response);
    }
    
    // Notify affected individuals if high risk
    if (response.likelyConsequences.risk === 'high') {
      await this.notifyAffectedIndividuals(response);
    }
    
    // Document everything
    await this.documentBreach(response);
  }
}