Network Design and Segmentation

Network Design and Segmentation

Effective lab network design mirrors real-world architectures while remaining manageable for learning purposes. Start with simple flat networks where all machines communicate directly, progressively adding complexity through VLANs, routing, and firewalls. This graduated approach builds networking understanding essential for OSCP success while avoiding initial overwhelming complexity.

Segmented networks teach valuable lessons about pivot techniques and lateral movement. Creating DMZ segments with web servers, internal networks with workstations, and management networks with administrative systems provides realistic practice. PfSense or OPNsense virtual firewalls enable network segmentation without hardware investment. These configurations closely resemble OSCP exam networks where direct access to all targets doesn't exist.

Routing between network segments introduces concepts essential for understanding post-exploitation pivoting. Static routes, proxy chains, and SSH tunnels become necessary for accessing segmented targets. This complexity initially frustrates but ultimately develops critical thinking about network paths and attack chains. Many OSCP failures result from poor understanding of network navigation rather than exploitation inability.

Network services supporting lab infrastructure provide additional learning opportunities. DNS servers, DHCP services, and web proxies create realistic environments while teaching service enumeration and exploitation. These supporting services often contain vulnerabilities themselves, providing unexpected practice opportunities. Building full infrastructure stacks develops a holistic understanding of enterprise environments beyond isolated vulnerable machines.