Output Encoding and Content Security Policy

Output Encoding and Content Security Policy

Output encoding and Content Security Policy (CSP) represent the two most powerful defensive techniques against XSS attacks. While output encoding prevents malicious scripts from being interpreted as code, CSP provides a last line of defense by restricting what scripts can execute even if they bypass other protections. This chapter provides a comprehensive guide to implementing both techniques effectively, covering the technical details, common pitfalls, and best practices that developers need to build truly secure applications.