Security Orchestration and Automated Response
Security Orchestration and Automated Response
Security orchestration platforms integrate multiple security tools and automate complex response workflows. Building custom orchestration solutions enables organizations to respond to threats at machine speed while maintaining human oversight for critical decisions. Understanding orchestration patterns helps design effective automated response systems.
Implement security orchestration framework:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Security Orchestration and Automated Response (SOAR) Framework
"""
import asyncio
import json
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from enum import Enum
from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional, Callable
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import datetime
import aiohttp
import yaml
class ThreatSeverity(Enum):
LOW = 1
MEDIUM = 2
HIGH = 3
CRITICAL = 4
class ActionStatus(Enum):
PENDING = "pending"
RUNNING = "running"
SUCCESS = "success"
FAILED = "failed"
SKIPPED = "skipped"
@dataclass
class SecurityEvent:
"""Represents a security event"""
id: str
source: str
type: str
severity: ThreatSeverity
timestamp: datetime
details: Dict[str, Any]
metadata: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
@dataclass
class ActionResult:
"""Result of an automated action"""
action_name: str
status: ActionStatus
message: str
timestamp: datetime
data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
class SecurityAction(ABC):
"""Base class for security actions"""
def __init__(self, name: str):
self.name = name
self.logger = logging.getLogger(f"SecurityAction.{name}")
@abstractmethod
async def execute(self, event: SecurityEvent, context: Dict[str, Any]) -> ActionResult:
"""Execute the security action"""
pass
@abstractmethod
def can_handle(self, event: SecurityEvent) -> bool:
"""Check if this action can handle the event"""
pass
class BlockIPAction(SecurityAction):
"""Action to block malicious IP addresses"""
def __init__(self):
super().__init__("BlockIP")
async def execute(self, event: SecurityEvent, context: Dict[str, Any]) -> ActionResult:
try:
ip_address = event.details.get('source_ip')
if not ip_address:
return ActionResult(
self.name, ActionStatus.SKIPPED,
"No IP address found in event", datetime.now()
)
# Platform-specific blocking
platform = context.get('platform', 'linux')
if platform == 'linux':
# Use iptables to block IP
proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
'sudo', 'iptables', '-A', 'INPUT', '-s', ip_address, '-j', 'DROP',
stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
)
stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()
if proc.returncode == 0:
return ActionResult(
self.name, ActionStatus.SUCCESS,
f"Blocked IP {ip_address}", datetime.now(),
{"ip": ip_address, "method": "iptables"}
)
else:
raise Exception(f"iptables failed: {stderr.decode()}")
elif platform == 'windows':
# Use netsh to block IP
proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
'netsh', 'advfirewall', 'firewall', 'add', 'rule',
f'name="Block {ip_address}"', 'dir=in', 'action=block',
f'remoteip={ip_address}',
stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
)
stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()
if proc.returncode == 0:
return ActionResult(
self.name, ActionStatus.SUCCESS,
f"Blocked IP {ip_address}", datetime.now(),
{"ip": ip_address, "method": "netsh"}
)
else:
raise Exception(f"netsh failed: {stderr.decode()}")
except Exception as e:
return ActionResult(
self.name, ActionStatus.FAILED,
f"Failed to block IP: {str(e)}", datetime.now()
)
def can_handle(self, event: SecurityEvent) -> bool:
return event.type in ['brute_force', 'port_scan', 'malicious_connection']
class IsolateSystemAction(SecurityAction):
"""Action to isolate compromised systems"""
def __init__(self):
super().__init__("IsolateSystem")
async def execute(self, event: SecurityEvent, context: Dict[str, Any]) -> ActionResult:
try:
hostname = event.details.get('hostname')
# Disable network interfaces except management
if context.get('platform') == 'linux':
interfaces = await self._get_network_interfaces()
for interface in interfaces:
if interface != 'lo' and not interface.startswith('mgmt'):
await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
'sudo', 'ip', 'link', 'set', interface, 'down'
)
# Send isolation notification
await self._notify_isolation(hostname, event)
return ActionResult(
self.name, ActionStatus.SUCCESS,
f"System {hostname} isolated", datetime.now(),
{"hostname": hostname, "interfaces_disabled": len(interfaces) - 1}
)
except Exception as e:
return ActionResult(
self.name, ActionStatus.FAILED,
f"Failed to isolate system: {str(e)}", datetime.now()
)
async def _get_network_interfaces(self) -> List[str]:
proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
'ip', 'link', 'show',
stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
)
stdout, _ = await proc.communicate()
interfaces = []
for line in stdout.decode().split('\n'):
if ': ' in line and not line.startswith(' '):
interface = line.split(': ')[1].split('@')[0]
interfaces.append(interface)
return interfaces
async def _notify_isolation(self, hostname: str, event: SecurityEvent):
# Send notification via webhook or email
pass
def can_handle(self, event: SecurityEvent) -> bool:
return event.severity in [ThreatSeverity.HIGH, ThreatSeverity.CRITICAL]
class SecurityOrchestrator:
"""Main orchestration engine"""
def __init__(self, config_file: str):
self.config = self._load_config(config_file)
self.actions: List[SecurityAction] = []
self.workflows: Dict[str, List[str]] = {}
self.event_queue: asyncio.Queue = asyncio.Queue()
self.results: List[ActionResult] = []
def _load_config(self, config_file: str) -> Dict:
with open(config_file, 'r') as f:
return yaml.safe_load(f)
def register_action(self, action: SecurityAction):
"""Register a security action"""
self.actions.append(action)
self.logger.info(f"Registered action: {action.name}")
def define_workflow(self, name: str, action_sequence: List[str]):
"""Define a workflow as a sequence of actions"""
self.workflows[name] = action_sequence
async def process_event(self, event: SecurityEvent):
"""Process a security event through appropriate workflows"""
self.logger.info(f"Processing event: {event.id} - {event.type}")
# Determine applicable workflow
workflow_name = self._select_workflow(event)
if not workflow_name:
self.logger.warning(f"No workflow found for event: {event.type}")
return
# Execute workflow
workflow = self.workflows.get(workflow_name, [])
context = {
'platform': platform.system().lower(),
'event_history': self.results[-10:], # Last 10 results
'config': self.config
}
for action_name in workflow:
action = next((a for a in self.actions if a.name == action_name), None)
if not action:
self.logger.error(f"Action not found: {action_name}")
continue
if action.can_handle(event):
self.logger.info(f"Executing action: {action_name}")
result = await action.execute(event, context)
self.results.append(result)
# Stop workflow on critical failure
if result.status == ActionStatus.FAILED and event.severity == ThreatSeverity.CRITICAL:
self.logger.error(f"Critical action failed, stopping workflow")
break
else:
self.logger.info(f"Action {action_name} cannot handle event type {event.type}")
def _select_workflow(self, event: SecurityEvent) -> Optional[str]:
"""Select appropriate workflow based on event"""
# Simple mapping - can be enhanced with ML
workflow_mapping = {
'brute_force': 'respond_brute_force',
'malware_detected': 'respond_malware',
'data_exfiltration': 'respond_data_theft',
'privilege_escalation': 'respond_privilege_escalation'
}
return workflow_mapping.get(event.type)
async def run(self):
"""Main orchestration loop"""
self.logger.info("Security Orchestrator started")
# Start event processor
processor_task = asyncio.create_task(self._event_processor())
# Start event collectors (placeholder)
collector_tasks = [
asyncio.create_task(self._siem_collector()),
asyncio.create_task(self._ids_collector()),
]
try:
await asyncio.gather(processor_task, *collector_tasks)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
self.logger.info("Orchestrator stopped")
async def _event_processor(self):
"""Process events from queue"""
while True:
try:
event = await self.event_queue.get()
await self.process_event(event)
except Exception as e:
self.logger.error(f"Event processing error: {e}")
async def _siem_collector(self):
"""Collect events from SIEM (placeholder)"""
# Implementation depends on SIEM API
pass
async def _ids_collector(self):
"""Collect events from IDS (placeholder)"""
# Implementation depends on IDS API
pass
# Example usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
orchestrator = SecurityOrchestrator("orchestrator_config.yaml")
# Register actions
orchestrator.register_action(BlockIPAction())
orchestrator.register_action(IsolateSystemAction())
# Define workflows
orchestrator.define_workflow("respond_brute_force", ["BlockIP", "NotifySOC"])
orchestrator.define_workflow("respond_malware", ["IsolateSystem", "CollectForensics", "NotifySOC"])
# Run orchestrator
asyncio.run(orchestrator.run())
By implementing comprehensive security automation strategies, organizations can dramatically improve their security posture while reducing operational overhead. The next chapter explores incident response and recovery planning to handle security breaches effectively.## Incident Response Recovery Planning
Security incidents are not a matter of if, but when. Even with robust preventive measures, organizations must prepare for security breaches through comprehensive incident response and recovery planning. Effective incident response minimizes damage, reduces recovery time, and preserves evidence for investigation and legal purposes. This final chapter explores incident response frameworks, forensic techniques, recovery procedures, and lessons learned processes for both Windows and Linux environments.