Supply Chain Security and Software Transparency

Supply Chain Security and Software Transparency

Software supply chain attacks have elevated the importance of supply chain security in DevSecOps. Organizations must verify every component, from base images to build tools to dependencies. Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) generation becomes mandatory, providing transparency into all software components. Cryptographic attestations prove software provenance and build process integrity.

The SLSA (Supply chain Levels for Software Artifacts) framework provides graduated security levels for software supply chains. Organizations progress through SLSA levels by implementing stronger controls around source integrity, build process isolation, and provenance generation. Higher SLSA levels require hermetic builds, verified reproducibility, and comprehensive audit trails.

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Future DevSecOps: Quantum-Safe Cryptography Implementation

import hashlib
import secrets
from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Any
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.hkdf import HKDF
import numpy as np

class QuantumSafeCrypto:
    """
    Post-quantum cryptography implementation for future-proof security
    """
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.lattice_dim = 1024
        self.modulus = 2**32 - 5
        self.noise_stddev = 3.2
        
    def generate_keypair(self) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]:
        """Generate quantum-resistant keypair using lattice-based cryptography"""
        # Generate random matrix A (public parameter)
        A = self._generate_random_matrix(self.lattice_dim, self.lattice_dim)
        
        # Generate secret key
        s = self._generate_small_vector(self.lattice_dim)
        
        # Generate error vector
        e = self._generate_error_vector(self.lattice_dim)
        
        # Compute public key: b = A*s + e (mod q)
        b = (np.dot(A, s) + e) % self.modulus
        
        public_key = {
            'A': A.tolist(),
            'b': b.tolist(),
            'dimension': self.lattice_dim,
            'modulus': self.modulus
        }
        
        private_key = {
            's': s.tolist(),
            'dimension': self.lattice_dim
        }
        
        return public_key, private_key
    
    def hybrid_encrypt(self, message: bytes, public_key: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Hybrid encryption combining quantum-safe and traditional algorithms
        """
        # Generate ephemeral quantum-safe key
        ephemeral_secret = secrets.token_bytes(32)
        
        # Encapsulate using lattice-based KEM
        encapsulated, shared_secret = self._kem_encapsulate(
            public_key, 
            ephemeral_secret
        )
        
        # Derive encryption key using quantum-safe KDF
        encryption_key = self._quantum_safe_kdf(
            shared_secret,
            b"encryption",
            32
        )
        
        # Encrypt message using quantum-safe symmetric encryption
        ciphertext = self._aes_gcm_encrypt(message, encryption_key)
        
        return {
            'encapsulated_key': encapsulated,
            'ciphertext': ciphertext,
            'algorithm': 'hybrid-pq-aes256gcm',
            'version': '1.0'
        }
    
    def sign_artifact(self, artifact: bytes, private_key: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Generate quantum-resistant signature for build artifacts"""
        # Hash artifact using SHA3 (quantum-resistant)
        hasher = hashlib.sha3_512()
        hasher.update(artifact)
        digest = hasher.digest()
        
        # Generate signature using hash-based signatures (Merkle trees)
        signature = self._generate_merkle_signature(digest, private_key)
        
        return {
            'signature': signature,
            'algorithm': 'merkle-sha3-512',
            'timestamp': self._get_timestamp(),
            'key_id': self._get_key_id(private_key)
        }
    
    def _generate_merkle_signature(self, message: bytes, 
                                  private_key: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Generate Merkle tree signature (stateful but quantum-safe)"""
        # Simplified Merkle signature implementation
        leaf_index = self._get_next_leaf_index()
        
        # Generate one-time signature
        ots_key = self._derive_ots_key(private_key, leaf_index)
        ots_signature = self._sign_with_ots(message, ots_key)
        
        # Generate authentication path
        auth_path = self._generate_auth_path(leaf_index)
        
        return {
            'leaf_index': leaf_index,
            'ots_signature': ots_signature,
            'auth_path': auth_path
        }

# Decentralized Security Governance
class DecentralizedSecurityGovernance:
    """
    Blockchain-based security policy and compliance management
    """
    
    def __init__(self, blockchain_client):
        self.blockchain = blockchain_client
        self.policy_registry = {}
        self.compliance_proofs = {}
        
    async def register_security_policy(self, policy: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
        """Register security policy on blockchain for immutable governance"""
        # Validate policy schema
        self._validate_policy_schema(policy)
        
        # Generate policy hash
        policy_hash = self._hash_policy(policy)
        
        # Create policy transaction
        transaction = {
            'type': 'POLICY_REGISTRATION',
            'policy_hash': policy_hash,
            'policy_metadata': {
                'name': policy['name'],
                'version': policy['version'],
                'enforcement_level': policy['enforcement_level'],
                'effective_date': policy['effective_date']
            },
            'submitter': self._get_identity(),
            'timestamp': self._get_timestamp()
        }
        
        # Submit to blockchain
        tx_id = await self.blockchain.submit_transaction(transaction)
        
        # Store policy in distributed storage
        storage_uri = await self._store_policy_ipfs(policy)
        
        # Link storage to blockchain record
        await self.blockchain.add_metadata(tx_id, {'storage_uri': storage_uri})
        
        return tx_id
    
    async def verify_compliance(self, artifact_id: str, 
                              policy_id: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Verify artifact compliance with decentralized policy"""
        # Retrieve policy from blockchain
        policy = await self._retrieve_policy(policy_id)
        
        # Retrieve artifact attestations
        attestations = await self._get_artifact_attestations(artifact_id)
        
        # Verify compliance
        compliance_result = self._evaluate_compliance(attestations, policy)
        
        # Generate zero-knowledge proof of compliance
        zk_proof = self._generate_zk_compliance_proof(
            compliance_result,
            policy_id
        )
        
        # Record compliance proof on blockchain
        proof_tx = await self._record_compliance_proof(
            artifact_id,
            policy_id,
            zk_proof
        )
        
        return {
            'compliant': compliance_result['compliant'],
            'proof_transaction': proof_tx,
            'zk_proof': zk_proof,
            'details': compliance_result['details']
        }
    
    def _generate_zk_compliance_proof(self, compliance_result: Dict[str, Any],
                                     policy_id: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Generate zero-knowledge proof of compliance without revealing details"""
        # Simplified ZK proof generation
        commitment = self._create_commitment(compliance_result)
        challenge = self._generate_challenge()
        response = self._compute_response(commitment, challenge, compliance_result)
        
        return {
            'commitment': commitment,
            'challenge': challenge,
            'response': response,
            'policy_id': policy_id,
            'algorithm': 'zk-stark'
        }

# Edge Computing Security for DevSecOps
class EdgeSecurityOrchestrator:
    """
    Security orchestration for edge computing environments
    """
    
    def __init__(self, edge_config: Dict[str, Any]):
        self.edge_nodes = edge_config['nodes']
        self.security_mesh = self._initialize_security_mesh()
        self.policy_engine = self._initialize_edge_policy_engine()
        
    async def deploy_secure_edge_workload(self, workload: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Deploy workload with edge-specific security controls"""
        # Select optimal edge nodes based on security posture
        selected_nodes = await self._select_secure_nodes(workload['requirements'])
        
        # Generate edge-specific security configuration
        security_config = self._generate_edge_security_config(workload)
        
        # Deploy security mesh sidecar
        mesh_config = await self._deploy_security_mesh(
            selected_nodes,
            workload
        )
        
        # Configure edge-specific policies
        policies = self._generate_edge_policies(workload)
        
        # Deploy workload with security controls
        deployment_result = await self._deploy_with_attestation(
            workload,
            selected_nodes,
            security_config,
            mesh_config
        )
        
        # Establish secure communication channels
        await self._establish_secure_channels(deployment_result['instances'])
        
        return deployment_result
    
    async def _select_secure_nodes(self, requirements: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[str]:
        """Select edge nodes based on security requirements"""
        eligible_nodes = []
        
        for node_id, node_info in self.edge_nodes.items():
            # Check hardware security features
            if requirements.get('require_tpm') and not node_info.get('has_tpm'):
                continue
                
            if requirements.get('require_secure_enclave') and \
               not node_info.get('has_secure_enclave'):
                continue
            
            # Check security posture score
            posture_score = await self._calculate_security_posture(node_id)
            if posture_score >= requirements.get('min_security_score', 0.7):
                eligible_nodes.append({
                    'node_id': node_id,
                    'score': posture_score,
                    'capabilities': node_info['security_capabilities']
                })
        
        # Sort by security score and return top nodes
        eligible_nodes.sort(key=lambda x: x['score'], reverse=True)
        return [n['node_id'] for n in eligible_nodes[:requirements.get('replicas', 1)]]
    
    def _generate_edge_security_config(self, workload: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Generate security configuration for edge deployment"""
        return {
            'encryption': {
                'data_at_rest': {
                    'enabled': True,
                    'algorithm': 'AES-256-GCM',
                    'key_management': 'edge-hsm'
                },
                'data_in_transit': {
                    'enabled': True,
                    'protocol': 'TLS-1.3',
                    'mutual_auth': True,
                    'certificate_pinning': True
                }
            },
            'access_control': {
                'authentication': 'mutual-tls',
                'authorization': 'edge-rbac',
                'api_gateway': {
                    'enabled': True,
                    'rate_limiting': workload.get('rate_limits', {}),
                    'geo_filtering': workload.get('geo_restrictions', {})
                }
            },
            'runtime_security': {
                'syscall_filtering': True,
                'capability_dropping': True,
                'seccomp_profile': 'edge-restricted',
                'apparmor_profile': 'edge-workload'
            },
            'monitoring': {
                'metrics_collection': True,
                'log_aggregation': True,
                'anomaly_detection': True,
                'forensic_capture': workload.get('forensic_requirements', {})
            }
        }