Runtime Compliance Monitoring

Runtime Compliance Monitoring

Static IaC scanning provides valuable compliance validation, but runtime monitoring ensures deployed infrastructure maintains compliance. Configuration drift, manual changes, and dynamic behaviors can all lead to compliance violations that IaC scanning alone won't detect.

Cloud provider compliance services like AWS Config, Azure Policy, and Google Cloud Asset Inventory continuously monitor resource configurations against compliance rules. These services can automatically remediate certain violations or alert teams for manual intervention. Integration with IaC workflows ensures drift detection and correction.

# Runtime Compliance Monitoring System
class RuntimeComplianceMonitor:
    def __init__(self, cloud_provider: str):
        self.cloud_provider = cloud_provider
        self.compliance_rules = self._load_compliance_rules()
        self.last_scan_state = {}
        
    def continuous_compliance_check(self):
        """Continuously monitor infrastructure compliance."""
        while True:
            try:
                current_state = self._get_infrastructure_state()
                compliance_results = self._evaluate_compliance(current_state)
                drift_results = self._detect_drift(current_state)
                
                # Process results
                self._handle_violations(compliance_results['violations'])
                self._handle_drift(drift_results)
                
                # Update metrics
                self._update_compliance_metrics(compliance_results)
                
                # Store state for next iteration
                self.last_scan_state = current_state
                
                time.sleep(300)  # Check every 5 minutes
                
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f"Compliance monitoring error: {e}")
                self._alert_on_monitoring_failure(e)
                
    def _evaluate_compliance(self, infrastructure_state: Dict) -> Dict:
        """Evaluate infrastructure against compliance rules."""
        violations = []
        compliant_resources = 0
        total_resources = 0
        
        for resource_id, resource_config in infrastructure_state.items():
            total_resources += 1
            resource_compliant = True
            
            for rule in self.compliance_rules:
                if self._rule_applies_to_resource(rule, resource_config):
                    if not self._evaluate_rule(rule, resource_config):
                        violations.append({
                            'resource_id': resource_id,
                            'rule_id': rule['id'],
                            'severity': rule['severity'],
                            'framework': rule['framework'],
                            'remediation': rule['remediation']
                        })
                        resource_compliant = False
                        
            if resource_compliant:
                compliant_resources += 1
                
        return {
            'violations': violations,
            'compliance_percentage': (compliant_resources / total_resources * 100) if total_resources > 0 else 100,
            'scan_timestamp': datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
        }
        
    def _detect_drift(self, current_state: Dict) -> List[Dict]:
        """Detect configuration drift from IaC definitions."""
        drift_items = []
        
        iac_state = self._get_iac_defined_state()
        
        for resource_id, current_config in current_state.items():
            if resource_id in iac_state:
                iac_config = iac_state[resource_id]
                differences = self._deep_diff(iac_config, current_config)
                
                if differences:
                    drift_items.append({
                        'resource_id': resource_id,
                        'differences': differences,
                        'severity': self._assess_drift_severity(differences)
                    })
                    
        return drift_items
        
    def _handle_violations(self, violations: List[Dict]):
        """Handle compliance violations based on severity."""
        for violation in violations:
            if violation['severity'] == 'CRITICAL':
                # Immediate automated remediation
                self._auto_remediate(violation)
                self._create_incident(violation)
            elif violation['severity'] == 'HIGH':
                # Alert and create ticket
                self._alert_security_team(violation)
                self._create_jira_ticket(violation)
            else:
                # Log and track
                self._log_violation(violation)